Monthly Archives: February 2015
FATS
Fats are primarily energy matter which is entered through diet using foods of plant and animal origin. They are the bearers of vitamins A, D, E and K, are also constitutive role because constitute 2% of each cell. Fat with sugar constitute the cheapest source of energy, because 1g fat is burning 9 kcal (twice the amount of protein and carbohydrates).
Fatty acids can be classified as saturated and unsaturated.
The first type are saturated fats, which are mainly found in meat, eggs, dairy products, including butter, cheese … much better and healthier type of diet are unsaturated fats. These are healthy fats and are divided into two groups: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.
Monounsaturated fats are found in olive oil, walnuts, canola oil …
Polyunsaturated fats are found in some vegetable oils and fish oil. These are:
a) Omega 6 linoleic acid. The role of the LOOK of the proper growth of the organism, has them in sunflower, corn and sesame oil.
b) Omega 3 linoleic acid. The role is reflected in the structure and function of cell membranes. There is oil from flax seeds, pumpkin seeds, and fish oil: salmon, tuna, sardines, herring, mackerel. It can not be created in the body, but must be entered by food. A derivative of omega-3 plays an important role in brain development and function of vision.
Omega 3 fats are especially important because it raises levels of good HDL cholesterol and reduce levels of bad LDL, and are also important for brain development. Act favorably on the health of the heart and blood vessels, and intake of fish two to four times a week and regular use of olive oil contribute to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
It is recommended that the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fats in the diet is 10: 30%
Fat containing phosphorus called phospholipids. They are added to foods as an additive, usually in margarine, chocolate, frozen sweets. Since cholesterol is the most important that are more than 90% located in the membrane of cells and is required for synthesis of vitamin D in the skin, and then to the synthesis of certain hormones (estrogen and testosterone). Drugs such as steroids anabolics belong to the group of sterols (used in sports to increase muscle mass and strength but they are very dangerous because it can damage the liver).
The overall fat intake should cover less than 30% of daily energy needs. The origin should be primarily from grains, fruits and vegetables, which are rich in fiber and micronutrients. A person with abnormal lipid whose cholesterol levels remain increased must apply the reduction of daily fat intake to only 20% and 7% saturated.
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MASTI – dobre i loše
Masti su prvenstveno energetske materije koje se unose putem ishrane korišcenjem namirnica biljnog i životinjskog porekla. One su nosioci vitamina A,D,E i K, takođe imaju gradivnu ulogu, jer čine 2% svake ćelije. Masti uz šećere čine najjeftiniji izvor energije, jer 1 gr masti sagoreva 9 kcal ( dvostruko više od belančevina i ugljenih hidrata ).
Masne kiseline se mogu klasifikovati na zasićene i nezasićene.
Prvi tip su zasićene masti, koje se većinom nalaze u mesu, jajima, mlečnim proizvodima, uključujući puter, sir…Mnogo bolji i zdraviji tip za ishranu su nezasićene masti. To su zdrave masti i podeljene su u dve grupe: mononezasićene i polinezasićene.
Mononezasićene masti se nalaze u maslinovom ulju, orasima, ulju uljane repice…
Polinezasićene masti se nalaze u nekim biljnim uljima i ribljem ulju. To su:
a) Omega 6 linolna kiselina. Uloga im se ogleda u pravilnom rastu organizma. Ima ih u suncokretovom, kukuruznom i susamovom ulju.
b) Omega 3 linolna kiselina. Uloga im se ogleda u strukturi i funkciji ćeliske membrane. Ima ih u ulju iz lanenog semena, iz semena bundeve, kao i ribljem ulju: lososa, tune, sardele, haringe, skuše. Ne može se stvarati u organizmu, već se mora uneti hranom. Derivat omega 3 igra važnu ulogu u razvoju mozga i funkciji vida.
Omega 3 masti su posebno važne jer podižu nivo dobrog HDL holesterola i smanjuju nivo loseg LDL, a takođe su vazne i za razvoj mozga. Deluju povoljno na zdravlje srca i krvnih sudova, pa unos ribe dva do četiri puta nedeljno i redovna upotreba maslinovog ulja doprinose smanjenju rizika od kardiovaskularnih bolesti.
Preporučuje se da odnos zasićenih i nezasićenih masti u ishrani bude 10: 30%
Masnoće koje sadrže fosfor zovu se fosfolipidi. Oni se dodaju u hranu kao aditiv, najčesće u margarin, čokoladu, zamrznute slatkiše. Od sterola je najvažniji holesterol koji se preko 90% nalazi u membrani ćelije i potreban je za sintezu vitamina D u koži, zatim za sintezu nekih hormona (testosterona i estrogena). Lekovi kao što su steroidi anabolici, pripadaju grupi sterola (koriste se u sportu za povećanje mišićne mase i snage, ali su jako opasni jer oštećuju jetru).
Opšti unos masnoća treba da pokrije manje od 30 % dnevnih energetskih potreba. Poreklo treba da bude prvenstveno iz žitarica, povrća i voća, koja su bogata vlaknima i mikronutritijentima. Osoba sa poremećajem masnoća čiji je holesterol u krvi povećan mora da primeni smanjivanje dnevnog unosa nezasićenih masnoća na svega 20% i zasićenih masnoća na 7%.
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PROBLEM WITH LOWER BACK
What makes the lower back:
Five lumbar vertebrae that connect our pelvis to the top of the spine.The six discus that protect our vertebra and absorb all incoming attacks. The nerves and spinal cord that conduct impulses to our muscles from the brain and their role is most similar to the “current cables “. Small joints that we provide to all funcion properly and maintain both stability and mobility. Ligaments and muscles without which the function of the spine is unthinkable, because they give us strength and also provide stability.
The most common activities what give as a pain:
Each working or sporting activity or activities of daily living, if performed incorrectly or sudden or long it lasts, it can cause pain in the lumbar region of the back. The pain is most often associated with the following activities:
improper lifting of any weight, where the hull flexes and rotates the sudden movement of rotation, bending or rotation and stretching hull prolonged sitting lengthy car ride long walking prolonged standing bad position during sleep violations of bone and muscular lumbar region – trauma (usually traffic accidents, injuries during sports activities …)
Muscle weakness is due to inactivity. Muscle imbalance is one of the most important causes of pain. Muscle strength of individual muscles and muscle groups should be balanced, harmonious and balanced.
With kineziteraphy (medical exercise) is begun when fully relieve the pain. Our goal is to take strong musculature of the burden of the lumbar spine. It is important to note that there is no activity of daily life that strengthens lumbo-sacral spine extensors. Also, there is not a sporting activity that strengthens the muscles of this region. It is the most common cause of these problems.
Exercises for preventing pain and strengthen the lumbar your muscles:
Exercises that you can do to strengthen the lower back can work at home in nature or fitness center. The simplest and most are static contraction exercise (endurance) running on the ground:
1. Alternating vertical rise from the ground opposite arm and leg endurance of 10-15 seconds then changes, exercise is performed without a break in the 3 series alternately.
2. Gently lift even lower and upper extremities at the same time and returns to the starting position, the exercise is performed in 4 sets of 10-15 reps
3. Position Plank, endurance in a given position, the focus is on the abdominal wall that needs to be constantly in contraction, the exercise is performed in three series with the endurance of 15-30 seconds
When enough to strengthen the muscles may be the ancestors of the execution of more complex and demanding exercises:
1. Extension backs, 3-4 sets of 10-15 reps
2. Good morning exercise, initially running without load and later with load, 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps
3. Dead lift, the exercise is performed with a light load in the beginning, with a focus on the right position of the back in every position, 4 sets of 8-12 reps
Exercises are performed 4-6 times per week at first. Later, when there was a considerable reinforcement lumbar necessary to maintain muscle tone with working out 2-3 times a week.
health & fitness 